Common bile duct stones: analysis of the videolaparoscopic surgical treatment.

CONTEXT: About 9% of the Brazilian population has gallstones and the incidence increases significantly with aging. The choledocholithiasis is found around 15% of these patients, and a third to half of these cases presented as asymptomatic. Once the lithiasis in the common bile duct is characterized through intraoperative cholangiography, the laparoscopic surgical exploration can be done through the transcystic way or directly through choledochotomy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results and outcomes of the laparoscopic treatment of common bile duct lithiasis. METHODS: Seventy consecutive patients were evaluated. They prospectively underwent the treatment of the lithiasis in the common bile duct and the exploration ways were compared according to the following parameters: criteria on their indication, success in the clearance, surgical complications. It was verified that about ½ of the choledocholithiasis carriers did not show any expression of predictive factors (clinical antecedents of jaundice and/or acute pancreatitis, compatible sonographic data and the pertaining lab tests). The laparoscopic exploration through the transcystic way is favored when there are no criteria for the practice of primary choledochotomy, which are: lithiasis in the proximal bile duct, large (over 8 mm) or numerous calculi (multiple calculosis). RESULTS: The transcystic way was employed in about 50% of the casuistic and the choledochotomy in about 30%. A high success rate (around 80%) was achieved in the clearance of the common bile duct stones through laparoscopic exploration. The transcystic way, performed without fluoroscopy or choledochoscopy, attained a low rate of success (around 45%), being 10% of those by transpapilar pushing of calculi less than 3 mm. The exploration through choledochotomy, either primary or secondary, if the latter was performed after the transcystic route failure, showed high success rate (around 95%). When the indication to choledochotomy was primary, the necessity for choledochoscopy through choledochotomy to help in the removal of the calculi was 55%. However, when choledochotomy was performed secondarily, in situations where the common bile duct diameter was larger than 6 mm, the use of choledochoscopy with the same purpose involved about 20% of the cases. There was no mortality in this series. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct was related to a low rate of morbidity. Therefore, the use of laparoscopy for the treatment of the lithiasis in the common bile duct depends on the criteria for the choice of the best access, making it a safe procedure with very good results.

Common bile duct stones: analysis of the videolaparoscopic surgical treatment / Coledocolitíase: análise do tratamento videolaparoscópico

CONTEXT: About 9% of the Brazilian population has gallstones and the incidence increases significantly with aging. The choledocholithiasis is found around 15% of these patients, and a third to half of these cases presented as asymptomatic. Once the lithiasis in the common bile duct is characterized through intraoperative cholangiography, the laparoscopic surgical exploration can be done through the transcystic way or directly through choledochotomy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results and outcomes of the laparoscopic treatment of common bile duct lithiasis. METHODS: Seventy consecutive patients were evaluated. They prospectively underwent the treatment of the lithiasis in the common bile duct and the exploration ways were compared according to the following parameters: criteria on their indication, success in the clearance, surgical complications. It was verified that about ½ of the choledocholithiasis carriers did not show any expression of predictive factors (clinical antecedents of jaundice and/or acute pancreatitis, compatible sonographic data and the pertaining lab tests). The laparoscopic exploration through the transcystic way is favored when there are no criteria for the practice of primary choledochotomy, which are: lithiasis in the proximal bile duct, large (over 8 mm) or numerous calculi (multiple calculosis). RESULTS: The transcystic way was employed in about 50% of the casuistic and the choledochotomy in about 30%. A high success rate (around 80%) was achieved in the clearance of the common bile duct stones through laparoscopic exploration. The transcystic way, performed without fluoroscopy or choledochoscopy, attained a low rate of success (around 45%), being 10% of those by transpapilar pushing of calculi less than 3 mm. The exploration through choledochotomy, either primary or secondary, if the latter was performed after the transcystic route failure, showed high success rate (around 95%). When the indication to choledochotomy was primary, the necessity for choledochoscopy through choledochotomy to help in the removal of the calculi was 55%. However, when choledochotomy was performed secondarily, in situations where the common bile duct diameter was larger than 6 mm, the use of choledochoscopy with the same purpose involved about 20% of the cases. There was no mortality in this series. CONCLUSION: The laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct was related to a low rate of morbidity. Therefore, the use of laparoscopy for the treatment of the lithiasis in the common bile duct depends on the criteria for the choice of the best access, making it a safe procedure with very good results.

CONTEXTO: Aproximadamente 9% da população brasileira apresenta colecistolitíase e esta incidência aumenta significativamente com o envelhecimento. A coledocolitíase é encontrada em torno de 15% destes pacientes, e de um terço a metade destes casos apresenta-se de maneira assintomática. Uma vez que a litíase do ducto biliar comum é caracterizada através de colangiografia intra-operatória, a exploração cirúrgica laparoscópica pode ser feita através da via transcística, ou diretamente através de coledocotomia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados do tratamento laparoscópico da coledocolitíase. MÉTODOS: Setenta pacientes foram avaliados prospectivamente. Todos foram submetidos ao tratamento da coledocolitíase por videolaparoscopia, e as formas de exploração foram comparadas de acordo com os seguintes parâmetros: os critérios de sua indicação, o sucesso no clareamento da via biliar, complicações cirúrgicas. A exploração laparoscópica transcística foi favorecida quando não há critérios para a prática de coledocotomia primária, sendo estes litíase do ducto biliar proximal, cálculos grandes (mais de 8 mm) ou calculose múltipla. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que cerca de um terço dos doentes com coledocolitíase não mostraram qualquer expressão de fatores preditivos (antecedentes clínicos de icterícia e/ou pancreatite aguda, suspeita ultrassonográfica ou alterações de testes laboratoriais relacionados à coledocolitíase). A exploração transcística foi empregada em cerca de 50% dos casos e a coledocotomia em cerca de 30%. A depuração da via biliar através da laparoscopia foi alcançada em 80% dos casos. A exploração transcística, realizada sem fluoroscopia ou coledocoscopia, atingiu baixa taxa de sucesso (em torno de 45%), sendo 10% desses casos com passagem transpapilar de cálculos com menos de 3 mm. A exploração por coledocotomia, primária ou secundária, quando esta foi realizada após o insucesso da via transcística, mostrou alta taxa de sucesso (em torno de 95%). Quando a indicação para coledocotomia era primária, a necessidade de visualização direta através da coledocoscopia para ajudar na remoção dos cálculos foi de 55%. No entanto, quando foi realizada coledocotomia secundariamente, nas situações em que o diâmetro do ducto biliar comum foi maior do que 6 mm, o uso de coledocoscópio com o mesmo propósito foi necessário em cerca de 20% dos casos. Não houve mortalidade nesta série. CONCLUSÃO: A exploração laparoscópica da via biliar principal está relacionada com baixa taxa de morbidade. Portanto, o uso da laparoscopia para o tratamento da coledocolitíase depende dos critérios para a escolha do melhor acesso, tornando-se procedimento seguro, com resultados bastante satisfatórios.

Obtençäo de retalho de epiplon por via laparoscopica para reconstrucao de defeito da parede toracica / Reconstruction of thoracic wall defect by flap of omentum obteined by laparoscopy surgery

A reconstruçäo de defeitos complexos da parede toracica após esternotomia infectada representa um grande desafio. Varias opcoes foram descritas para essas reconstrucoes, utilizando-se de retalhos musculares e de epiplon, promovendo o preenchimento do espaço morto e a cobertura do defeito. Apresentamos um caso de reconstrucao de um extenso defeito da parede torácica e abdominal em um paciente de 62 anos, que após uma cirurgia de revascularizaçäo do miocardio evoluiu com mediastinite, osteomielite e necrose do esterno. O musculo peitoral maior foi utilizado na reconstruçäo, evoluindo com perda total do retalho. Após o debridamento foi utilizado um retalho de epiplon baseado na arteria gastroepiploica esquerda, obtido por via laparoscopica...

Omental flap obtained by laparoscopy for reconstruction of the chest wall

E apresentado um caso de reconstruçäo de defeito complexo da parede torácica e abdominal. Paciente evolui após a cirurgia de revascularizaçäo do miocardio com mediastinite, osteomielite e necrose de externo. Na reconstruçäo foi utilizado o musculo peitoral maior, mas houve perda do retalho. Foi, entäo, utilizado retalho de epiplon obtido por via laparoscópica. As vantagens da laparoscopia säo decorrentes de uma cirurgia minimamente invasiva em paciente ja debilitado com o mesmo resultado em termos de reconstruçäo do defeito